The research principles emphasize that the person involved should have the legal capacity to give consent and be situated in a way that allows the free exercise of choice—without the intervention of force, fraud, deceit, duress, over-reaching, or any other form of coercion. Moreover, the individual should have sufficient knowledge and comprehension of the subject matter to make an informed and enlightened decision. While participating in research, the person must also retain the liberty to withdraw and bring the experiment to an end at any point.
These principles are reinforced through national mandates such as the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Administrative Order No. 001, series of 2007, CHED Memorandum Order (CMO) No. 34, series of 2007, the National Ethical Guidelines for Health Research 2017, and the NCIP Administrative Orders No. 1 (2012) and No. 3 (2018), which outline the revised national guidelines for the mandatory representation of Indigenous Peoples in local legislative councils and policymaking bodies.
In line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, these research ethics connect to:
- SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being – By ensuring that research participants are fully informed and protected, research practices uphold the right to health and personal safety. Ethical conduct prevents harm and promotes well-being, particularly in health-related research where the risks and impacts can be significant. Protecting individuals from exploitation or coercion also ensures that the outcomes of research contribute positively to the advancement of healthcare and community wellness.
- SDG 4: Quality Education – Research is an integral part of higher education, and embedding ethical practices into the process ensures that students, educators, and professionals alike develop a deeper sense of responsibility and accountability. By equipping future researchers with an understanding of informed consent, inclusivity, and respect for participants’ rights, institutions foster a culture of integrity and lifelong learning that prepares graduates to become globally responsible professionals.
- SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions – Ethical research is not only about protecting individuals but also about strengthening trust in institutions. By safeguarding the rights of participants, particularly vulnerable and indigenous communities, research contributes to more transparent, accountable, and just systems. This reflects a commitment to fairness, inclusivity, and the rule of law, ensuring that institutions remain credible and respected in both academic and community settings.
